Ambrose Dodoo

I am a Professor in Building Technology, and my work involves teaching and conducting research on sustainability-related issues that explore the interactions between the fields of buildings, energy, and the environment. I have backgrounds in Building Technology and Environmental Science, and was appointed Associate Professor in Building and Energy Technology in 2015 at Linnaeus University.

Teaching

I supervise thesis works at bachelor and master’s levels, and also teach courses and modules on energy- and climate-effective construction and life cycle analysis.

Research

My research interests include building performance simulation, HVAC systems analysis, and life-cycle modelling of energy, environmental and economic implications of the built environment.

My research groups

My ongoing research projects

My completed research projects

Project: Smart Cities – Ready project The Ready project is a five year (2014-2019) international research project financed by the European Commission, focusing on implementing advanced energy…

Publications

Article in journal (Refereed)

Boussaa, Y., Dodoo, A., Truong, N.L., Rupar-Gadd, K. (2024). Comprehensive renovation of a multi-apartment building in Sweden : techno-economic analysis with respect to different economic scenarios. Building Research & Information. 52 (4). 463-478.
Status: Published
Boussaa, Y., Dodoo, A., Nguyen, T., Rupar-Gadd, K. (2023). Integrating Passive Energy Efficient Measures to the Building Envelope of a Multi-Apartment Building in Sweden : Analysis of Final Energy Savings and Cost Effectiveness. Buildings. 13 (10).
Status: Published
Al-Najjar, A., Dodoo, A. (2023). Modular multi-storey construction with cross-laminated timber : Life cycle environmental implications. Wood Material Science & Engineering. 18 (2). 525-539.
Status: Published
Ahn, N., Dodoo, A., Riggio, M., Muszynski, L., Schimleck, L., et al. (2022). Circular economy in mass timber construction : State-of-the-art, gaps and pressing research needs. Journal of Building Engineering. 53.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Truong, N.L., Dorn, M., Olsson, A., Bader, T.K. (2022). Exploring the synergy between structural engineering design solutions and life cycle carbon footprint of cross-laminated timber in multi-storey buildings. Wood Material Science & Engineering. 17 (1). 30-42.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A. (2020). Primary energy and economic implications of ventilation heat recovery for a multi-family building in a Nordic climate. Journal of Building Engineering. 31 (101391). 1-14.
Status: Published
Piccardo, C., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2020). Retrofitting a building to passive house level : A life cycle carbon balance. Energy and Buildings. 223. 1-13.
Status: Published
Vadiee, A., Dodoo, A., Jalilzadehazhari, E. (2020). Heat Supply Comparison in a Single-Family House with Radiator and Floor Heating Systems. Buildings. 10 (1). 1-22.
Status: Published
Piccardo, C., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2020). Retrofitting with different building materials : life-cycle primary energy implications. Energy. 192. 1-13.
Status: Published
Truong, N.L., Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2020). Implications of supplying district heat to a new urban residential area in Sweden. Energy. 194. 1-18.
Status: Published
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). Effect of different frame materials on the primary energy use of a multi storey residential building in a life cycle perspective. Energy and Buildings. 185. 259-271.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Ayarkwa, J. (2019). Effects of Climate Change for Thermal Comfort and Energy Performance of Residential Buildings in a Sub-Saharan African Climate. Buildings. 9 (10).
Status: Published
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). Design strategies and measures to minimise operation energy use for passive houses under different climate scenarios. Energy Efficiency. 12 (1). 299-313.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A. (2019). Lifecycle impacts of structural frame materials for multi-storey building systems. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering. 24 (1). 17-28.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Truong, N.L. (2018). Primary energy benefits of cost-effective energy renovation of a district heated multi-family building under different energy supply systems. Energy. 143. 69-90.
Status: Published
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2018). Effects of energy efficiency measures in district-heated buildings on energy supply. Energy. 142. 1114-1127.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A., Gustavsson, L. (2017). Influence of simulation assumptions and input parameters on energy balance calculations of residential buildings. Energy. 120 (1). 718-730.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2017). Final energy savings and cost-effectiveness of deep energy renovation of a multi-storey residential building. Energy. 135. 563-576.
Status: Published
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2017). Energy use implications of different design strategies for multi-storey residential buildings under future climates. Energy. 138. 846-860.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A., Gustavsson, L. (2017). On input parameters, methods and assumptions for energy balance and retrofit analyses for residential buildings. Energy and Buildings. 137. 76-89.
Status: Published
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Primary energy implications of different design strategies for an apartment building. Energy. 104. 132-148.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Energy use and overheating risk of Swedish multi-storey residential buildings under different climate scenarios. Energy. 97. 534-548.
Status: Published
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2015). Renewable-based heat supply of multi-apartment buildings with varied heat demands. Energy. 93. 1053-1062.
Status: Published
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Effects of different insulation materials on primary energy and CO₂ emission of a multi-storey residential building. Energy and Buildings. 82. 369-377.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2014). Lifecycle carbon implications of conventional and low-energy multi-storey timber building systems. Energy and Buildings. 82. 194-210.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2014). Lifecycle primary energy analysis of low-energy timber building systems for multi-story residential buildings. Energy and Buildings. 81. 84-97.
Status: Published
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Effects of heat and electricity saving measures in district-heated multistory residential buildings. Applied Energy. 118. 57-67.
Status: Published
Bonakdar, F., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Cost-optimum analysis of building fabric renovation in a Swedish multi-story residential building. Energy and Buildings. 84. 662-673.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2013). Life cycle primary energy use and carbon footprint of wood-frame conventional and passive houses with biomass-based energy supply. Applied Energy. 112. 834-842.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2012). Lifecycle primary energy analysis of conventional and passive houses. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development. 3 (2). 105-111.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2012). Effect of thermal mass on life cycle primary energy balances of a concrete- and a wood-frame building. Applied Energy. 92. 462-472.
Status: Published
Sathre, R., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Lippke, B., Marland, G., et al. (2012). Comment on “Material nature versus structural nurture: the embodied carbon of fundamental structural elements". Environmental Science and Technology. 46 (6). 3595-3596.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2011). Building energy-efficiency standards in a life cycle primary energy perspective. Energy and Buildings. 43 (7). 1589-1597.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2011). Primary energy implications of ventilation heat recovery in residential buildings. Energy and Buildings. 43 (7). 1566-1572.
Status: Published
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A., Truong, N.L., Danielski, I. (2011). Primary energy implications of end-use energy efficiency measures in district heated buildings. Energy and Buildings. 43 (1). 38-48.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2010). Life cycle primary energy implication of retrofitting a wood-framed apartment building to passive house standard. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 54 (12). 1152-1160.
Status: Published
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2009). Carbon implications of end-of-life management of building materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 53 (5). 276-286.
Status: Published

Conference paper (Refereed)

Khalili, N., Dodoo, A. (2023). Circular economy in wood multi-storey building construction : A systematic literature review. Proceedings of the International Conference “Sustainable Built Environment and Urban Transition” : 12-13 October, Växjö.
Ahn, N., Bjarvin, C., Riggio, M., Muszynski, L., Schimleck, L., et al. (2023). Envisioning mass timber buildings for circularity : life cycle assessment of a mass timber building with different end-of-life (EoL) and post-EoL options. WCTE 2023-World Conference on Timber Engineering : Timber for a Livable Future, 19-22 June, Oslo. 2898-2906. 3581-3587.
Younis, A., Dodoo, A. (2022). Comparative Carbon-Footprint Analysis of Residential Buildings with Different Structural Materials. State-of-the-art Materials and Techniques in Structural Engineering and Construction.
Muszyński, L., Riggio, M., Puettmann, M., Dodoo, A., Schimleck, L., et al. (2021). Conceptualizing the End of Life for Mass Timber Panel Buildings towards Circularity : Mapping the Gaps in Knowledge. The state of circularity : The content of "the 2nd International Conference on Circular Systems for the Built Environment"..
Dodoo, A., Muszyński, L. (2021). End-of-life management of cross laminated timber multi-storey buildings : A case for designing for post-use material recovery and environmental benefits.. Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE) 2021, August 09 - 12, Santiago, Chile..
Boussaa, Y., Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Rupar-Gadd, K. (2021). Energy efficient measures for thermal envelope of a multi-apartment building in Sweden : Analysis of cost effectiveness with respect to carbon abatement costs implementation. eceee 2021 Summer Study on energy efficiency: a new reality?. 1015-1024.
Guasco, M., Orlanno, M., Piccardo, C., Giachetta, A., Dodoo, A. (2020). Design optimization of a building attached sunspace through experimental monitoring and dynamic modelling. 12^th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2020). E3S Web Conference.
Dodoo, A. (2020). Energy and indoor thermal comfort performance of a Swedish residential building under future climate change conditions. 12th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2020), Tallinn. E3S Web Conference.
Boussaa, Y., Dodoo, A., Truong, N.L., Rupar-Gadd, K. (2020). Analysis of cost-effective energy efficiency measures for thermal envelope of a multi-apartment building in Sweden. Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Applied Energy, Part 3, Sweden, 2020.
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A. (2020). Effects of ventilation heat recovery in district-heated buildings fueled by renewable-based energy system. The 12^th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2020, December 1-10, 2020, Bangkok/Virtual.
Dodoo, A., Truong, N.L. (2020). Techno-economic performance of heat recovery air handling units for residential buildings in a sub-arctic climate. The 12^th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2020, December 1-10, 2020, Bangkok/Virtual.
Dodoo, A. (2019). Techno-economic and environmental performances of heating systems for single-family code-compliant and passive houses. CLIMA 2019 Congress : High Energy Performance and Sustainable Buildings.
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). Final and primary energy use for heating new residential area with varied exploitation levels, building energy performance and district heat temperatures. Innovative Solutions for Energy Transitions. 6544-6550.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). Carbon balances for a low energy apartment building with different structural frame materials. Innovative Solutions for Energy Transitions : Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018). 4254-4261.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2019). Cost-optimized energy-efficient building envelope measures for a multi-storey residential building in a cold climate. Innovative Solutions for Energy Transitions : Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018). 3760-3767.
Vadiee, A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). A Comparison Between Four Dynamic Energy Modeling Tools for Simulation of Space Heating Demand of Buildings.. Cold Climate HVAC 2018. CCC 2018. 701-711.
Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A., Gustavsson, L. (2019). Impacts of Common Simulation Assumptions in Sweden on Modelled Energy Balance of a Multi-family Building.. Cold Climate HVAC 2018. 689-699.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2019). Effects of end-of-life management options for materials on primary energy and greenhouse gas balances of building systems. Innovative Solutions for Energy Transitions : Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018). 4246-4253.
Piccardo, C., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2019). Comparative Life-Cycle Analysis of Building Materials for the Thermal Upgrade of an Existing Building. SBE19 Brussels - BAMB-CIRCPATH "Buildings as Material Banks - A Pathway For A Circular Future"5–7 February 2019, Brussels, Belgium.
Piccardo, C., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2019). Energy and carbon balance of materials used in a building envelope renovation. SBE19 Brussels - BAMB-CIRCPATH "Buildings as Material Banks - A Pathway For A Circular Future"5–7 February 2019, Brussels, Belgium.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2017). Design strategies to minimise heating and cooling demands for passive houses under changing climate. ECEEE 2017 Summer Study : Consumption, Efficiency & Limits. 1185-1195.
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A. (2017). Effects of different techno-economic regimes on viability of deep energy renovation of an existing Swedish multi-family building. ECEEE 2017 Summer Study : Consumption, Efficiency & Limits. 1064-1073.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2017). Impacts of parameter values interactions on simulated energy balance of residential buildings. 11th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics, NSB2017, 11-14 June 2017, Trondheim, Norway. 57-62.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2017). Life cycle primary energy use of nearly-zero energy building and low-energy building. ECEEE 2017 Summer Study : Consumption, Efficiency & Limits. 1075-1081.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Climate change impacts on overheating risk and primary energy use for space conditioning of a Swedish multi-story building. CLIMA 2016 : Proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Design strategies for a Swedish residential building to minimize primary energy use and CO₂ emission. The 11th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems : SDEWES 2016 : September 4-9, 2016. Lisbon, Portugal.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Economic analyses of energy efficiency renovation measures and packages for a district heated multi-family residential building. 11th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems : Book of Abstracts : September 4-9, 2016, Lisbon, Portugal. 321-321.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Effect of energy efficiency requirements for residential buildings in Sweden on lifecycle primary energy use. Energy Procedia: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY, ICAE2014. 1183-1186.
Truong, N.L., Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A. (2014). Heat supply of multi-apartment buildings with varied heat demands. Energy Procedia: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY, ICAE2014. 1464-1467.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Comparative life cycle and carbon footprint analyses of wood building systems designed as conventional or passive house standard. World Sustainable Building 2014 Barcelona Conference : Sustainable Buildings:Results Are We Moving as quickly as we should? It's up to us! Conference Proceedings Volume 2. 284-290.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Bonakdar, F. (2014). Effects of future climate change scenarios on overheating risk and primary energy use for Swedish residential buildings. Energy Procedia: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY, ICAE2014. 1179-1182.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2014). Primary energy implications of different wall insulation materials for buildings in a cold climate. Energy Procedia: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED ENERGY, ICAE2014. 1204-1207.
Tettey, U.Y.A., Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A. (2014). Primary energy implications of different external wall configurations for residential buildings. World Sustainable Building 2014, Barcelona Conference : Sustainable Building:Results ; Are We Moving as Quickly as We Should? It's up to us!.
Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2013). Effects of energy-efficiency measures and climate change mitigation policy instruments on primary energy use in district-heated buildings. ECEEE Summer Study proceedings : rethink, renew, restart. 515-522.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Tettey, U.Y.A. (2013). Primary energy and carbon dioxide implications of low-energy renovation of a Swedish apartment building. Passivhus Norden 2013. 270-282.
Bonakdar, F., Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A. (2013). Implications of energy efficiency renovation measures for a Swedish residential building on cost, primary energy use and carbon dioxide emission. ECEEE Summer Study proceedings : rethink, renew, restart. 1287-1296.
Dodoo, A., Mahapatra, K., Gustavsson, L. (2012). Implications of households building and car preferences for primary energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. ICAE 2012. 249-257.
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A. (2012). Life cycle primary energy use and carbon footprint of wood-frame conventional and passive houses with biomass-based energy supply. . Presentation at the International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2012, Jul 5-8, 2012, Suzhou, China.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2012). Impact of thermal mass on lifecycle primary energy use of concrete- and timber-frame versions of a building. Presentation at COBEE 12, International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. Boulder, Colorado, USA, August 1-4.
Gustavsson, L., Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A. (2012). Primary energy implications of heat savings in district heated buildings. Presentation at International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2012, Jul 5-8, 2012, Suzhou, China.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. (2012). Lifecycle primary energy use and carbon footprint for conventional and passive house versions of an eight-story wood-framed apartment building. Passivhus Norden, Trondheim, Norway, October 21-23, 2012.
Mahapatra, K., Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Nair, G. (2012). System analysis of and stakeholders’ perceptions on end-use energy efficiency measures for existing Swedish multi-family buildings. COBEE 12, International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. Boulder, Colorado, USA, August 1-4.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2011). Impacts of end-use energy efficiency measures on life cycle primary energy use in an existing Swedish multi-story apartment building. World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11.
Gustavsson, L., Truong, N.L., Dodoo, A., Sathre, R. (2011). Effects of environmental taxations on district heat production structures. World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11. 3420-3427.
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A., Sathre, R. (2011). Impact of ventilation heat recovery on primary energy use of apartment buildings built to conventional and passive house standard. World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, Linköping, Sweden, May 8-11.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2011). Life cycle primary energy analysis of conventional and passive house buildings. Proceeding SB11, World Sustainable Building Conference, Helsinki, Finland, October 18-21.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2010). Life cycle primary energy perspective on retrofitting an existing building to passive house standard. SB10, Sustainable Community, Espoo, Finland, September 22-24, 2010.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2010). Primary energy implication of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery in residential buildings.. ACEEE Summer study on energy efficiency in buildings. Pacific Grove, California, USA, August 15-20.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2010). Life cycle primary energy use of an apartment building designed to the current Swedish building code or passive house standard. Passivhus Norden. Aalborg, Denmark, October 7- 8, 2010.
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A., Sathre, R. (2010). Life cycle primary energy use in buildings of high energy standards. ACEEE Summer study on energy efficiency in buildings. Pacific Grove, California, USA, August 15-20.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2008). Energy implications of end-of-life options for building materials. First International Conference on Building Energy and Environment, Proceedings Vols 1-3. 2025-2032.

Chapter in book (Refereed)

Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2024). Lumber. Handbook of Recycling State-of-the-art for Practitioners, Analysts, and Scientists. Elsevier. 463-479.
Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A., Addo-Yobo, F. (2021). Energy and economic implications of buildings and construction. The Construction Industry : Global Trends, Job Burnout and Safety Issues. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. 215-247.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2015). Modeling Carbon Footprint of Wood-Based Products and Buildings. The Carbon Footprint Handbook. London, CRC Press. 143-162.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2014). Recycling of lumber. Handbook of recycling : state-of-the-art for practitioners, analysts, and scientists. Waltham, MA, Elsevier. 151-163.
Gustavsson, L., Dodoo, A., Mötzl, H., Sathre, R. (2013). Fundamentals : greenhouse gas and primary energy balances over a building life cycle. Wood in carbon efficient construction : Tools, methods and applications. Finland, Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy. 24-31.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2013). Background : What is life cycle assessment and carbon footprint analysis? Chapter 2.2. Wood in carbon efficient construction : Tools, methods and applications. Finland, Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy. 15-15.

Chapter in book (Other academic)

Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Peñaloza, D., Sathre, R. (2013). Case studies : Wälluden as case study for three wooden structure systems, Chapter 8.2. Wood in carbon efficient construction : Tools, methods and applications. Finland, Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy. 114-123.
Dodoo, A., Sathre, R. (2013). Building level : full carbon footprint analysis, Chapter 4.5.2. Wood in carbon efficient construction : Tools, methods and applications. Finland, Hämeen Kirjapaino Oy. 47-51.

Report (Other academic)

Bader, T.K., Oscarsson, J., Olsson, A., Schweigler, M., Dorn, M., et al. (2024). Competitive CLT - Improving the competitive advantage of CLT-based building systems through engineering design andreduced carbon footprint : Final report. Thomas Bader, Department of Building Technology, Linnaeus University. 20.
Dodoo, A., Tettey, U.Y.A., Gustavsson, L. (2016). Energy Simulation of Existing Swedish Multi-Storey Apartment Building in Växjö : Work Package 2, Task 2.1, carried out by UNI-SE in the Ready Project.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2016). Climate impacts of wood vs. non-wood buildings. Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting. 54.
Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R., Dodoo, A. (2015). Climate change effects over the lifecycle of a building - Report on methodological issues in determining the climate change effects over the life cycle of a building : Final report for Boverket. 54.
Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L., Sathre, R. (2013). The role of wood in carbon efficient construction. Primary energy and greenhouse gas balances over the life cycle of different wood building systems : Swedish case-study building. €CO2 Work Package 1. 40.

Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)

Dodoo, A. (2011). Life cycle primary energy use and carbon emission of residential buildings. Doctoral Thesis. Östersund, Sweden, Östersund :Department of engineering and sustainable development, Mid Sweden university. 71.