Graham Butler

Professor

Department of Law Faculty of Social Sciences

graham.butler@lnu.se

+46 470-70 80 45

Professor Graham Butler (B.A., LL.M., Ph.D.) is Full Professor of Law at Linnaeus University (Linnéuniversitetet), Växjö and Kalmar, Sweden (website and full biography available here).

He is also Full Professor of Law at University of Southern Denmark (Syddansk Universitet), Odense, Denmark; and the Director of the Nordic Institute of European Legal Studies (NIELS) which provides research, analysis, intelligence, updates, and developments in European law.

Professor Butler is a renowned academic known for his work in European law, with his research and scholarship focusing on various aspects of both public law and private law, including EU constitutional law, EU internal market law, EU external relations law, as well as EU fundamental rights, EU administrative law, and EU procedural law.

Professor Butler holds a number of academic degrees from University College Dublin (UCD), National University of Ireland (NUI); the University of Iceland (Háskóli Íslands); and the University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet), Denmark; and he has written and edited several books, and is one of the most frequently cited authors by the Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in their judicial opinions.

His research has been published in all the leading academic law reviews and journals in European law, including the Common Market Law Review, European Law Review, European Constitutional Law Review, European Law Journal, European Public Law, Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, European Foreign Affairs Review, European Business Law Review, the Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies, the Yearbook of European Law, Legal Issues of Economic Integration, the Columbia Journal of European Law, Fordham International Law Journal, Nordic Journal of International Law, European Labour Law Journal, the Journal of International Dispute Settlement, the Journal of International and Comparative Law, the Journal of European Public Policy, the Nordic Journal of European Law, International Organizations Law Review, the Irish Jurist, the Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, the International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations, the Dublin University Law Journal, the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law, amongst others. He has also contributed to several edited volumes and collections published by Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Hart Publishing, Bloomsbury, Edward Elgar Publishing, Routledge, Intersentia, and more.

He has delivered invited lectures, seminars, and speeches at Europe’s leading universities, public bodies, national parliaments, international organisations, and interest groups. These have been in, inter alia, Austria (University of Salzburg), Belgium (KU Leuven; Council of the European Union (Consilium), Brussels; EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA), Brussels), Cyprus (University of Nicosia), Czech Republic (Charles University, Prague), Denmark (Aarhus University; Copenhagen Business School; Danish Military Intelligence Agency/Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste; Danish Parliament/Folketinget; Roskilde University; University of Copenhagen), Finland (University of Helsinki), France (Sciences Po, Paris; University of Nantes; University of Rennes), Germany (European Central Bank, Frankfurt), Iceland (University of Iceland, Reykjavík), Italy (LUISS, Rome; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore/Catholic University of Milan; University of Pisa), Ireland (Dublin City University; Houses of the Oireachtas (Parliament of Ireland), Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade; Maynooth University; National University of Ireland; Royal Irish Academy; University College Cork; University College Dublin), Liechtenstein (Liechtenstein-Institut), Luxembourg (University of Luxembourg, Kirchberg), the Netherlands (Maastricht University; University of Groningen), Norway (University of Bergen; University of Oslo, University of Stavanger), Spain (University of Murcia; University of Salamanca), Sweden (Jönköping University; Linnaeus University (Linnéuniversitetet); Lund University; Karlstad University; Stockholm University; Umeå University; University of Gothenburg; Uppsala University; Örebro University), Switzerland (University of Geneva), and the United Kingdom (City, University of London; House of Lords, European Affairs Committee; European Newcastle University; Queen Mary, University of London; University of Aberdeen; University of Cambridge; University of Edinburgh; University of Westminster).

Academic positions

Full Professor of Law, Linnaeus University (Linnéuniversitetet), Växjö and Kalmar, Sweden (2025-).
Full Professor of Law, University of Southern Denmark (Syddansk Universitet), Odense, Denmark (2023-).
Visiting Professor of Law, Linnaeus University (Linnéuniversitetet), Växjö and Kalmar, Sweden (2023-2024).
Positive assessment (Qualified) to be Full Professor of Law (2022).
Associate Professor of Law, Aarhus University, Denmark (2018-2023).
Assistant Professor of Law, Aarhus University, Denmark (2017-2018).
Stagiaire, Cabinet of Judge, Court of Justice of the European Union, Luxemburg (2016).
Ph.D. Fellow, Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (2013-2016).
Parliamentary Assistant, Chairman of Joint Oireachtas Committee, Dáil Éireann, Houses of the Oireachtas (national parliament), Dublin, Ireland (2012-2013).

Books

Micro-states of Europe and their Legal Relations with the European Union (Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2026) (Graham Butler),
The EFTA Court: Practice and Procedure (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2026) (Graham Butler & Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson),
Nordic Cooperation and the European Union: 50 Years of Legal Integration (Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2026) (Graham Butler & Helle Krunke (eds)),
EU Internal Market Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2026) (Graham Butler),
Research Handbook on EEA Internal Market Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025) (Graham Butler (ed)),
The EU Law of Investment: Past, Present, and Future (Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2025) (Xavier Groussot, Marja-Liisa Öberg, Graham Butler (eds)),
Shaping EU Law the British Way: UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union (Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2022) (Graham Butler & Adam Lazowski (eds)),
EU External Relations Law: The Cases in Context (Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2022) (Graham Butler & Ramses A. Wessel (eds)),
Constitutional Law of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (Oxford: Hart Publishing/Bloomsbury, 2019) (Graham Butler).

Professor Graham Butler (B.A., LL.M., Ph.D.), Full Professor of Law, Linnaeus University, Växjö and Kalmar, Sweden.

Email: graham.butler@lnu.se

LNU webpage: lnu.se/en/staff/graham.butler

Website: grahambutler.eu

Publications

Article in journal (Refereed)

Butler, G. (2025). Deposit return schemes of EU Member States and the EU's internal market. Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law. 34 (1). 101-108.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). From Search to Discovery of the Political Question Doctrine in EU Law. European Law Review. 50 (6). 761-774.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra. European Foreign Affairs Review. 30 (4). 527-552.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). Offsetting Dividend Taxation through Corporate Taxation for Resident Undertakings and the Free Movement of Capital. European Taxation. 65 (1). 38-41.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). Form and Function in Investment Funds : Tax Transparency, Legal Personality, and Capital Movements between the EU and Third States. European Taxation. 65 (8). 362-365.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). Internal and External Management of Collective Investment Undertakings : Investor Protection, National Taxation, and the Free Movement of Capital. European Taxation. 65 (7). 310-313.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Indén, T. (2025). Tillgång till den svenska upphandlingsmarknaden för marknadsaktörer i tredjeländer. Europarättslig tidskrift. 28 (3). 339-354.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). At the Heart of Legal Europe? Member States and their Relationship to the EU Legal Order. Dublin University Law Journal. 45 (1). 1-24.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2025). Tax Recovery, Disparity, and the Free Movement of Capital in Subnational Autonomous Territories of EU Member States. European Taxation. 65 (11). 485-489.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). Free Movement of Banks, Deposit Guarantee Schemes, and Dispute Resolution within the EU. Europarättslig tidskrift. 27 (4). 589-608.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). Pant- og retursystem : prisfastsættelse, grænseoverskridende handel og privat eksport inden for EU’s indre marked. EU-ret og menneskeret. 31 (2). 137-149.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). Public Pension Funds in EU Member States : Their Comparability and Tax Treatment under the Free Movement of Capital. European Taxation. 64 (11). 526-529.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). The Administrative Tribunal of the European Stability Mechanism : ESMAT at Ten. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations. 40 (3). 329-346.
Status: Published
Cotter, J., Butler, G. (2024). The President of the European Commission and the Power to Request a Commissioner’s Resignation. Common market law review. 61 (3). 593-622.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). Solidarity on trial : On reliance, reason and logic at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 31 (6). 772-787.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). Sun from Behind the Clouds : the Appeals Board of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Journal of International Dispute Settlement. 15 (3). 365-376.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2024). The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Republic of San Marino. European Foreign Affairs Review. 29 (3). 247-274.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2023). Contracted EU civil servants in EU common security and defence policy missions : Procedural routes to judicial remedies. European Labour Law Journal. 14 (3). 353-375.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2023). The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Monaco. European Foreign Affairs Review. 28 (3). 259-282.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2023). Sweden and the Free Movement of Alcoholic Goods in the EU Internal Market. European Public Law. 29 (1). 75-114.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2023). Of Rulers, Relatives, and Businesspersons : The Imposition of Sanctions on Family Members. Legal Issues of Economic Integration. 50 (4). 367-390.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2023). Reimaging the Law on Alcoholic Goods in Sweden. Europarättslig tidskrift. 26 (3). 531-543.
Status: Published
Ørum, J., Butler, G. (2023). The Market Distortion Provisions as a Legal Basis for Tax Harmonisation in EU Law. European Law Review. 48 (1). 103-116.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Meling, M. (2022). State Monopolies and the Free Movement of Goods in EEA Law : Ensuring Substantive Homogeneity at the EFTA Court. International Trade Law and Regulation. 28 (1). 55-72.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2022). Governors and former Governors of National Central Banks, and their Privileges and Immunities under EU Law. Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation. 37 (9). 327-330.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2022). The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Vatican City State and Holy See. European Foreign Affairs Review. 27 (2). 263-282.
Status: Published
Neergaard, U., Butler, G. (2022). Denmark’s Defence Opt-out, the Forthcoming Referendum, and the Changing Face of EU Defence and Security Arrangements. EU Law Live : Weekend Edition. (95). 2-11.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2022). The Creation of an Internal Market for Private Pensions : Legal Design, Mobility, Retirement, and Taxation. EU Law Live : Weekend edition. (101). 2-10.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). Private Pensions and EU Internal Market Law : Enhancing Retirement Provision through Harmonisation. European Business Law Review. 32 (5). 853-876.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). Lower Instance National Courts and Tribunals in Member States and Their Judicial Dialogue with the Court of Justice of the European Union. Nordic Journal of European Law. 4 (2). 19-36.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). The EU’s Contractual Relations and the Arbitration Clause : Disputes at the Court of Justice of the European Union. European Law Review. 46 (3). 345-363.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). Immunities of national central banks in Member States under EU law : Commission v. Slovenia (ECB Archives). Common market law review. 58 (6). 1895-1916.
Status: Published
Kochenov, D., Butler, G. (2021). Independence of the Court of Justice of the European Union : Unchecked Member States power after the Sharpston Affair. European Law Journal. 27 (1-3). 262-296.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). State Monopolies and the Free Movement of Goods in EU Law : Getting Beyond Obscure Clarity. Legal Issues of Economic Integration. 48 (3). 285-308.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2020). Independence of non-judicial bodies and orders for a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice. European Law Review. 45 (6). 870-887.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2020). Mind the (Homogeneity) Gap : Independence of Referring Bodies Requesting Advisory Opinions from the EFTA Court. Fordham International Law Journal. 44 (2). 307-352.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2020). An Interim Post-Mortem : Specialised Courts in the EU Judicial Architecture after the Civil Service Tribunal. International Organizations Law Review. 17 (3). 586-632.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Cotter, J. (2020). Just Say No! : Appeals Against Orders for a Preliminary Reference. European Public Law. 26 (3). 615-642.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2020). The European Defence Union and Denmark’s Defence Opt-out : A Legal Appraisal. European Foreign Affairs Review. 25 (1). 117-150.
Status: Published
Kochenov, D., Butler, G. (2020). The Independence and Lawful Composition of the Court of Justice of the European Union: Replacement of Advocate General Sharpston and the Battle for the Integrity of the Institution. The Jean Monnet Working Paper Series.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2020). The Future of EU International Agreements as Legal Instruments in the ASEAN Region. Journal of International and Comparative Law. 7 (2). 287-305.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2019). Solidaritet og dets grænser for økonomisk integration i EU’s indre marked. EU-ret og menneskeret. 26 (3). 3-27.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Barrett, G. (2018). Europe’s ‘Other’ Open-Border Zone : The Common Travel Area under the Shadow of Brexit. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies. 20 (1). 252-286.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2018). In Search of the Political Question Doctrine in EU Law. Legal Issues of Economic Integration. 45 (4). 329-354.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2018). Solidarity and its limits for economic integration in the European Union’s internal market. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 25 (3). 310-331.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2018). Tvistbilæggelse mellem EU-medlemsstaterne ved Den Europæiske Unions Domstol. Europarättslig tidskrift. 21 (1). 57-74.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2018). Implementing a Complete System of Legal Remedies in EU Foreign Affairs Law. The Columbia journal of European law. 24 (3). 637-676.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Šadl, U. (2018). The Preliminaries of a Reference. European Law Review. 43 (1). 120-128.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2018). Legal Responses to the European Union’s Migration Crisis. San Diego International Law Journal. 19 (2). 277-310.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2017). Standing the Test of Time: Reference for a Preliminary Ruling. Irish Journal of European Law. 20 (1). 103-116.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2017). A Question of Jurisdiction : Art. 267 TFEU Preliminary References of a CFSP Nature. European Papers. 2 (1). 201-208.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2017). The Court of Justice as an inter-state court. Yearbook of European Law. 36 (1). 179-208.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2017). The Coming of Age of the Court’s Jurisdiction in the Common Foreign and Security Policy. European Constitutional Law Review. 13 (4). 673-703.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Jensen, M.D., Snaith, H. (2016). ‘Slow change may pull us apart’ : debating a British exit from the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy. 23 (9). 1278-1284.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2016). A new means of dissemination for doctoral research in Danish legal education. Retfærd : Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. 39 (1). 88-95.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2016). The Ultimate Stumbling Block? The Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. Dublin University Law Journal. 39 (1). 229-244.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2016). Attacking or Defending? Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice in the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy. Europarättslig tidskrift. 19 (4). 671-684.
Status: Published
Butler, G., Ratcovich, M. (2016). Operation Sophia in Uncharted Waters : European and International Law Challenges for the eu Naval Mission in the Mediterranean Sea. Nordic Journal of International Law. 85 (3). 235-259.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). Not a “real” common travel area: Pachero v Minister for Justice and Equality. Irish Jurist. 54. 155-165.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). The Road to a Court of Appeal—Part I: History and Constitutional Amendment. Irish Law Times. 33 (14). 208-211.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). The Interparliamentary Conference on the CFSP/CSDP : A new forum for the Oireachtas in Irish and EU foreign policy?. Irish Studies in International Affairs. 26. 163-186.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). Pinpointing the Appropriate Legal Basis for External Action. European Journal of Risk Regulation. 6 (2). 323-328.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). The Road to a Court of Appeal—Part II: Distinguishing Features and Establishment. Irish Law Times. 33 (15). 222-226.
Status: Published

Article in journal (Other academic)

Butler, G. (2015). A Political Decision Disguised as Legal Argument? Opinion 2/13 and European Union Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. Utrecht Journal of International and European Law. 31 (81). 104-111.
Status: Published

Article, book review (Refereed)

Butler, G. (2025). The Danish EU Opt-Outs : Their Legal Significance, Past and Present. European Law Review. Sweet & Maxwell. 50 (4). 522-524.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2021). The Currency of Solidarity: Constitutional Transformation during the Euro Crisis. European Law Review. Sweet & Maxwell. 46 (1). 115-117.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2017). A Transatlantic Community of Law : Legal Perspectives on the Relationship between the EU and US Legal Orders. Journal of Common Market Studies. John Wiley & Sons. 55 (1). 160-161.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2016). The European Court of Justice and External Relations Law : Constitutional Challenges. European Journal of Legal Studies. European University Institute. 9 (1). 310-316.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). The Irish Presidency : Power, Ceremony and Politics. Irish Political Studies. Taylor & Francis. 30 (1). 145-147.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2015). EU International Relations Law. European Public Law. 21 (4). 788-790.
Status: Published
Butler, G. (2014). EU External Relations Law : Text, Cases and Materials. Romanian Journal of European Affairs (RJEA). Bucharest, European Institute of Romania. 14 (2). 81-85.
Status: Published

Book (Refereed)

Butler, G. (2019). Constitutional Law of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy : Competence and Institutions in External Relations. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd.

Chapter in book (Refereed)

Butler, G. (2025). Intellectual property. Research Handbook on EEA Internal Market Law. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 284-305.
Butler, G. (2025). Screening of Foreign Direct Investment in EU Law : Frameworks, Non-EU Investors, and Security Considerations. The EU Law of Investment : Past, Present, and Future. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 31-50.
Butler, G. (2025). The High Representative as a New Actor before the Court of Justice of the European Union. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy as a Legal Actor : Liber Amicorum in Honour of Stephan Marquardt. Leiden, Brill Nijhoff. 41-63.
Butler, G. (2025). The EEA Agreement : on 30 years of an extended internal market. Research Handbook on EEA Internal Market Law. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 2-9.
Butler, G. (2025). Investment in the EU Legal Order. The EU Law of Investment : Past, Present, and Future. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 1-14.
Butler, G. (2024). Fisheries : The Cod’s Pollocks or a Damp Squid. The Law and Politics of Brexit: Volume V : The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 167-181.
Butler, G. (2024). The Representative of the Crown and the Governor-General of the Irish Free State : Text and Context. The Centenary of the Irish Free State Constitution : Constituting a Polity?. Palgrave Macmillan. 91-111.
Butler, G. (2024). Reform of the Judicial Architecture of the EFTA Pillar of the EEA. The EFTA Court : Developing the EEA over Three Decades. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 75-94.
Butler, G. (2024). An Advocate before Advocate General : Eleanor Sharpston at the European Courts. Pursuit of Legal Harmony in a Turbulent Europe : Essays in Honour of Eleanor Sharpston. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 11-28.
Butler, G. (2023). Free Movement of Persons in the Nordic States through EU Law and EEA Law. Free Movement of Persons in the Nordic States : EU Law, EEA Law, and Regional Cooperation. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 31-54.
Butler, G. (2023). Tribunals in the Nordic States and Referrals to the European Courts. Rule of Law. Stockholm, Stockholm Institute for Scandinavian Law. 145-176.
Butler, G. (2023). Public and private enforcement possibilities within the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. Research Handbook on the Enforcement of EU Law. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 199-214.
Butler, G. (2022). Free Movement of Goods and the Public Security Exception : Opinion of Advocate General Slynn in Campus Oil. Shaping EU Law the British Way : UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 187-198.
Kassoti, E., Butler, G. (2022). The Approach of the CJEU to International Law : Towards a Context-Specific Approach. Understanding the EU as a Good Global Actor : Ambitions, Values and Metrics. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 261-276.
Butler, G. (2022). The EU Customs Union, International Agreements of EU Member States, and the Doctrine of Substitution : Nederlandse Spoorwegen. EU External Relations Law : The Cases in Context. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 57-66.
Ward, A., Butler, G. (2022). The Relationship between the Action for Annulment and Preliminary Reference Procedures : Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs in TWD. Shaping EU Law the British Way : UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 295-310.
Butler, G. (2022). Reconciling the Special Provision on State Monopolies with the General Provisions on the Free Movement of Goods : Opinion of Advocate General Warner in Manghera. Shaping EU Law the British Way : UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 89-102.
Butler, G., Wessel, R.A. (2022). EU External Relations Law and Navigating the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. EU External Relations Law : The Cases in Context. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 1-8.
Butler, G., Łazowski, A. (2022). Let’s Take the Canvass Out : Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Shaping EU Law the British Way : UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 7-18.
Butler, G., Sørensen, K.E. (2022). The Prohibition of Abuse of EU Law : A Special General Principle. Research Handbook on General Principles in EU Law : Constructing Legal Orders in Europe. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 402-422.
Butler, G. (2022). Hidden Administrative Review in EU Law : The BoAs of EU Agencies in the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Boards of Appeal of EU Agencies : Towards Judicialization of Administrative Review?. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 122-150.
Butler, G., Łazowski, A. (2022). Introduction. Shaping EU Law the British Way: UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 1-4.
Butler, G., Wessel, R.A. (2022). Jurisdiction of the Court for Non-contractual Liability and Actions for Damages Claims within the CFSP : Bank Refah Kargaran. EU External Relations Law : The Cases in Context. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 991-1000.
Butler, G., Łazowski, A. (2022). Neither Advocates, Nor Generals : The UK Advocates General and the Shaping of EU Law. Shaping EU Law the British Way : UK Advocates General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 607-622.
Butler, G. (2022). State Aid : Extension of the Acquis and the ‘Effect on Trade’. The Law and Politics of Brexit : Volume IV: Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 185-208.
Butler, G. (2022). The EU Customs Union, Free Movement of Goods, and Enforcement Mechanisms in the Protocol on Northern Ireland : A Legal Appraisal. Research Handbook on Legal Aspects of Brexit. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 175-197.
Butler, G. (2021). The European Rule of Law Standard, the Nordic States, and EU Law. Rule of Law in the EU : 30 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 243-264.
Butler, G. (2021). The Balance of Powers and the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. Executive-Legislative (Im)balance in the European Union. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 263-284.
Butler, G., Snaith, H. (2020). Negative Solidarity : The European Union and the Financial Crisis. Transnational Solidarity : Concept, Challenges and Opportunities. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 128-164.
Butler, G. (2019). The EU Flexibility Clause is Dead, Long Live the EU Flexibility Clause. The Future of Europe : Political and Legal Integration beyond Brexit. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 63-96.
Butler, G. (2019). A post-national legal order : Does the European Union have an imposed constitution?. The Law and Legitimacy of Imposed Constitutions. Abingdon, Routledge. 227-242.
Butler, G. (2019). Chamber of Deputies. Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Butler, G. (2019). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) : The EU’s transition from observer to full participant on an ad hoc basis. Research Handbook on the European Union and International Organizations. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing. 142-164.
Butler, G. (2018). EU Foreign Policy and Other EU External Relations in Times of Crisis : Forcing the Law to Overlap?. Irregular Migration as a Challenge for Democracy. Cambridge, Intersentia. 51-81.
Butler, G. (2018). Pre-Ratification Judicial Review of International Agreements to be Concluded by the European Union. The Court of Justice of the European Union : Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford, Hart Publishing Ltd. 53-77.
Butler, G., Jensen, M.D. (2017). Storbritanniens had-kærlighedsforhold til Den Europæiske Union. Politologisk Årbog 2016-2017. Copenhagen, Hans Reitzels Forlag. 20-23.
Butler, G. (2017). The European Union and Diplomatic Law : An Emerging Actor in Twenty-First Century Diplomacy. Diplomatic Law in a New Millennium. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 319-340.

Chapter in book (Other academic)

Butler, G. (2025). Actors in EU External Relations. Elgar Encyclopedia of EU Law. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing.

Graham Butler

Publications

Article in journal (Refereed)

Article in journal (Other academic)

Article, book review (Refereed)

Book (Refereed)

Chapter in book (Refereed)

Chapter in book (Other academic)

Report (Refereed)

Collection (editor) (Refereed)

Other (Refereed)

Other (Other academic)